Principles and methods of dental nerve tissue regeneration : a review

Background and Aim  Today, tissue engineering is considered a significant approach in modern medicine, which is why research in biomaterials has focused on the development of advanced scaffolding for regenerative medicine.  Many natural and synthetic polymers with a variety of origins have been used to make these scaffolds or are recommended by researches. These compositions usually have the properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and some special advantages such as antibacterial properties and wound healing. Other advantages of these polymers and their derivatives are porous structure, sol-to-gel changing ability, ease of chemical modification, high resemblance to biological or intracellular macromolecules, making them valuable candidates for making supporting compositions or scaffolding used in tissue engineering Methods and Materials: To conduct this review, the Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Silivica databases were searched by using the following keywords: " pulp"," regeneration"," scaffolding", and "tissue Results: According to the evaluated researches, a wide range of natural and synthetic compositions can be used as the scaffold for dental pulp regeneration. These materials, that play the role of scaffolding in the three-part tissue engineering, get the best results when create the good conditions for the proliferation of pulp-tissue progenitor cells and good signaling for the invocation and differentiation of these cells into more specific cells. However, in more studies, these scaffolds were used as carriers of precursor cells and growth factors. Conclusion: Tissue engineering is one of the emerging and successful methods for pulp tissue regeneration. Among the principles of tissue engineering, scaffolds can encourage the regeneration process due to the possibility of independent activity without the presence of precursor cells and independent growth factors. Among the types of scaffolds that were studied, natural based materials have shown the highest level of success.